Correction to: X-linked hypophosphatemia and growth.

The authors of the article would like to note an error in the acknowledgements section of this paper.

X-linked hypophosphatemia and growth.

X-Linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is the most common form of hereditary rickets caused by loss-of function mutations in the PHEX gene. XLH is characterized by hypophosphatemia secondary to renal phosphate wasting, inappropriately low concentrations of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D and high circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Short stature and rachitic osseous lesions are characteristic phenotypic findings of XLH although the severity of these manifestations is highly variable among patients. The degree of growth impairment is not dependent on the magnitude of hypophosphatemia or the extent of legs´ bowing and height is not normalized by chronic administration of phosphate supplements and 1α hydroxyvitamin D derivatives. Treatment with growth hormone accelerates longitudinal growth rate but there is still controversy regarding the potential risk of increasing bone deformities and body disproportion. Treatments aimed at blocking FGF23 action are promising, but information is lacking on the consequences of counteracting FGF23 during the growing period. This review summarizes current knowledge on phosphorus metabolism in XLH, presents updated information on XLH and growth, including the effects of FGF23 on epiphyseal growth plate of the Hyp mouse, an animal model of the disease, and discusses growth hormone and novel FGF23 related therapies.

The first report of a microdiverse anammox bacteria community in waters of Colombian Pacific, a transition area between prominent oxygen minimum zones of the eastern tropical Pacific.

Anaerobic ammonium oxidizers contribute to the removal of fixed nitrogen in oxygen-deficient marine ecosystems such as oxygen minimum zones (OMZ). Here we surveyed for the first time the occurrence and diversity of anammox bacteria in the Colombian Pacific, a transition area between the prominent South and North Pacific OMZs. Anammox bacteria were detected in the coastal and oceanic areas of the Colombian Pacific in low oxygen (< 22 µM), high nitrate (25­35 µM) and low nitrite (< 0.07 µM), and ammonium (< 1 µM) waters. In these waters, anammox bacteria were rich [∼ 7 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), 98% cut-off) and microdiverse (Shannon index H' < 1.24), in comparison with the observed at the prominent OMZ of the Eastern Tropical South Pacific, Arabian Sea and Black Sea. Anammox bacteria-like sequences from the Colombian Pacific were grouped together with sequences retrieved from the distinct OMZ's marine subclusters (Peru, Northern Chile and Arabian Sea) within Candidatus 'Scalindua spp'. Moreover, some anammox bacteria OTUs shared a low similarity with environmental phylotypes (86­94%). Our results indicated that a microdiverse anammox community inhabits the Colombian Pacific, generating new questions about the ecological and biogeochemical differences influencing its community structure.

Utilidad de la determinacion de la hemoglobina A1 en la evaluacion del control de pacientes diabeticos tipo II tratados con clorpropamida. / Usefulness of hemoglobin A1 determination in the evaluation of diabetic type II patients control treated with chlorpropamide

Se ha demostrado que en los pacientes diabeticos, los niveles de hemoglobina A1 se encuentram elevados en comparacion con los de la poblacion sana, y que esta hemoglobina refleja los niveles promedio de las glucemias en el periodo anterior de varias semanas. Estudiamos por 3 a 4 meses a 30 diabeticos tipo II tratados con clorpropamida. Al inicio del estudio la glucemia promedio fue 236.7 mg %, que disminuyo a 134,4%; del mismo modo, el promedio de la hemoglobina A1 bajo de 11,1% hasta 6,5% al finalizar el estudio. El analisis estadistico de estas dos determinaciones fue de P < 0.05 en los dias + 30, + 60, y +90; y r = 0.76. Con estes datos, consideramos que la determinacion de la hemoglobina A1 puede ser de utilidad en la valoracion del estado metabolico del paciente diabetico